How can I shut down or reboot Ubuntu using terminal commands?

For Shutdown:
$sudo poweroff
(or)
$sudo shutdown -h now
(or)
$sudo halt
(or)
$sudo init 0
For Restart:
$sudo reboot
(or)
$sudo shutdown -r now
(or)
$sudo init 6

For Ubuntu 15.04 and later:
systemctl poweroff
systemctl reboot
systemctl suspend
systemctl hibernate
systemctl hybrid-sleep

Ubuntu 16.04 no need of say sudo also
To shutdown :
poweroff
To Reboot :
reboot

Install docker on Ubuntu 16.04 using command line interface (CLI)

Prerequisites

64-bit Ubuntu 16.04 server

Ubuntu 16.04 Operating System

Step1 Installing Docker First, add the GPG key for the official Docker repository to the system: $curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg |sudo apt-key add - Add the Docker repository to APT sources: $sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable" update the package database with the Docker packages from the newly added repo: $sudo apt-get update Make sure you are about to install from the Docker repo instead of the default Ubuntu 16.04 repo: $apt-cache policy docker-ce Check that its Running: $sudo systemctl status docker Step2 Executing the Docker Command Without Sudo $sudo usermod -aG docker ${USER} $sudo usermod -aG docker username restart the machine $sudo shutdown -r now verify the docker commands are running without sudo: $docker info step3 Working with Docker Images $docker search ubuntu $docker pull ubuntu $docker run ubuntu $docker images step4 Running a Docker Container $docker run -it ubuntu root@d9b100f2f636:/# step5 Pushing Docker Images to a Docker Repository $docker login -u docker-registry-username $docker push docker-registry-username/docker-image-name

Write a bash script which remove all the ECS-Task Definition except the latest one

!/bin/bash rev_arry=$(aws ecs list-task-definitions --family-prefix <taskdef_name> --query taskDefinitionArns[]|cut -f7 -d :| cut -c1-2) maxrev_num=($rev_arry) arrlen=$((${#maxrev_num[@]}-2)) latest_revision=$(aws ecs list-task-definitions --family <taskdef_name> --sort desc --max-items 1 --query taskDefinitionArns|cut -c64-65) n="1" while [ $n -lt $arrlen ] do if [ ${maxrev_num[n]} -eq $latest_revision ]; then n=$[$n+1] fi delrevision=${maxrev_num[n]} aws ecs deregister-task-definition --task-definition <taskdef_name>:$delrevision echo "ecr taskdefiniton:$delrevision is deleted" n=$[$n+1] done

How do we install the PhpMyAdmin on ec2 instance and dockerize the phpmyadmin

phpMyAdmin is a free software tool written in PHP, intended to handle the administration of MySQL over the Web Prechecklist: Install php yum -y install php make sure we have all these packages: rpm -qa | grep php php-common-5.4.16-42.el7.x86_64 php-fedora-autoloader-1.0.0-1.el7.noarch php-mysql-5.4.16-42.el7.x86_64 php-5.4.16-42.el7.x86_64 php-mbstring-5.4.16-42.el7.x86_64 php-php-gettext-1.0.12-1.el7.noarch php-bcmath-5.4.16-42.el7.x86_64 php-pdo-5.4.16-42.el7.x86_64 php-cli-5.4.16-42.el7.x86_64 php-tidy-5.4.16-7.el7.x86_64 php-gd-5.4.16-42.el7.x86_64 php-tcpdf-dejavu-sans-fonts-6.2.13-1.el7.noarch phpMyAdmin-4.4.15.10-1.el7.noarch php-xml-5.4.16-42.el7.x86_64 php-process-5.4.16-42.el7.x86_64 php-tcpdf-6.2.13-1.el7.noarch yum install php-mysqlnd . (A module for PHP applications that use MySQL databases) Install apache webserver on centos yum -y install httpd systemctl start httpd systemctl enable httpd systemctl status httpd Installation steps for phpMyAdmin: Add the EPEL Repository: CentOS and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.x wget https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-6.noarch.rpm sudo rpm -Uvh epel-release-6*.rpm CentOS and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.x wget https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm sudo rpm -Uvh epel-release-latest-7*.rpm Install phpMyAdmin yum -y update yum -y install phpmyadmin Basic configuration for phpMyAdmin vi /etc/httpd/conf.d/phpMyAdmin.conf By default, the configuration for phpMyAdmin only allows access from the server on which it is installed. Find the following sections and change each IP address to the one you found in Step 3, or another IP address that will be connecting to phpMyAdmin remotely: <Directory /usr/share/phpMyAdmin/> AddDefaultCharset UTF-8 <IfModule mod_authz_core.c> # Apache 2.4 <RequireAny> Require ip 127.0.0.1 Require ip ::1 Replace the above block ,with the below mentioned code <Directory /usr/share/phpMyAdmin/> AddDefaultCharset UTF-8 <IfModule mod_authz_core.c> # Apache 2.4 <RequireAny> # Require ip 127.0.0.1 # Require ip ::1 Require all granted Database configuration file vi /etc/phpMyadmin/config.inc.php changes: $cfg['Servers'][$i]['host'] : Mention the endpoint of database $cfg['Servers'][$i][&#8216;port&#8217;] : Mention the port number $cfg['Servers'][$i]['extension'] : &#8216;mysqli &#8216;;// The php MYSQL extension to use Restart apache: systemctl restart httpd Dockerizing the phpmyadmin using the Dockerfile: FROM centos #FROM httpd:latest #RUN yum install -y update RUN yum install -y httpd #RUN systemctl start httpd #RUN systemctl enable httpd RUN yum install -y php RUN yum install -y php-mysqlnd php-fpm php-dba RUN yum install -y epel-release Run yum install -y phpmyadmin RUN mkdir -p /etc/phpMyAdmin COPY ./config.inc.php /etc/phpMyAdmin/config.inc.php COPY ./phpMyAdmin.conf /etc/httpd/conf.d/phpMyAdmin.conf EXPOSE 80 ADD run-httpd.sh /run-httpd.sh RUN chmod -v +x /run-httpd.sh CMD ["/run-httpd.sh"] #RUN service httpd start #CMD ["systemctl", "start", "httpd"] #CMD [ "httpd" , "start" ] #CMD [ "httpd" , "enable" ] References: ------------ https://www.liquidweb.com/kb/how-to-install-and-configure-phpmyadmin-on-centos-7/ https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials /how-to-install-and-secure-phpmyadmin-with-apache-on-a-centos-7-server

write a bash script which remove all the images from the ECR except the latest image

!/bin/bash $myecs_securitytoken=$(aws ecr get-authorization-token --region <region_name> --output text --query authorizationData[].authorizationToken) $myecs_securitytoken tag=$(aws ecr list-images --repository-name <repository_name> --output text --query imageIds[].imageTag) imgflag=($tag) buildnum=$(curl --user <user_name>:uservalue$ http://<IP_address>: <port_no>/rest/api/latest/result/<BambooPlan_name>.json |sed 's/"buildNumber":/&\n/;s/.\n//;s/}/\n&/;s/\n.//' ) n="0" while [ $n -lt ${#imgflag[@]} ] do if [ ${imgflag[n]} -eq $buildnum ]; then n=$[$n+1] fi delimg=${imgflag[n]} aws ecr batch-delete-image --repository-name <repository_name> --image-ids imageTag=$delimg echo "ecr imagetag:$delimg is deleted" n=$[$n+1] done note: The images are differentiate with the image tags as a Bamboo build number All the images tags are collected in imgflag and iterate one by one and delete the images using the image tag

Write a bash script which remove the instance from ECS cluster and chef server

!/bin/bash /usr/bin/knife node delete -y -c /root/.chef/knife.rb <%= node['fqdn']%> /usr/bin/knife client delete -y -c /root/.chef/knife.rb <%= node['fqdn']%> containeruuid=($(aws ecs --region <region_name> list-container-instances --cluster <%= default['recipe_name']['cluster']%> --output text|cut -d '/' -f2)) myinstance=$(wget -q -O- http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/instance-id) for myuuid in "${containeruuid[@]}" do ecsinstance=$(aws ecs describe-container-instances --cluster <%= default['recipe_name']['cluster']%> --container-instances $myuuid --output text --query containerInstances[].ec2InstanceId|cut -d: -f2) if [[ $ecsinstance = $myinstance ]] then aws ecs deregister-container-instance --cluster <%= default['recipe_name']['cluster']%> --container-instance ${containeruuid} --force exit else echo "Instance does not match inside the ecs cluster" fi done

Starting the new ECS task on the ec2 instances using the latest TaskDefinition of EC2 container using bash script

$myecs_securitytoken=$(aws ecr get-authorization-token --region <region_name> --output text --query authorizationData[].authorizationToken) $myecs_securitytoken mytaskdef=$(aws ecs list-task-definitions --family <task_familyname> --sort desc --max-items 1 --query taskDefinitionArns|cut -c75-76) echo $mytaskdef > taskd.out $aws ecs run-task --cluster "<cluster_name>" --task-definition "task_definition_name:cat taskd.out" Docker commands ------------------- Remove all the exited containers: docker rm -v $(docker ps -aq -f status=exited) Remove all the docker images: docker rmi -f $(docker images -q)

Stopping the ECS Task which are running on ec2 instances using bash script

#!/bin/bash $myecs_securitytoken=$(aws ecr get-authorization-token --region <region_name> --output text --query authorizationData[].authorizationToken) $myecs_securitytoken $aws ecs list-tasks --region <region_name> --cluster <cluster_name> --family <task_familyname> --query taskArns| cut -c46-81 > taskidinfo.out filename="taskidinfo.out" IFS=$'\n' for line in $(cat $filename) do $aws ecs stop-task --region <region_name> --cluster "<cluster_name>" --task $line --reason "stopping the task" done Note: Collect all the IDs of the task in the file taskidinfo.out, read each line from the file and stop the task using the taskID

Create a php project which retrieve records from AWS RDS Database instances running on AWS EC2 instances

EC2 Instance RDS Instance ---------------------------------------------------------------- Instance type t2.micro (Free tier) db.t2.micro (Free tier) Availability zone us-east-1 us-east-1 Security group DemoSG DemoSG IAM role RDSfullaccess-role ---------- Root volume 8 GB SSD 8GB SSD Public IP address Yes Yes VPC ID and Subnet Default Default -------------------------------------------------------------- Security Group (DemoSG): -------------------------------------------------------------- inbound : open http (80), https (443), ssh (22) and MySQL/Aurora (3306) Outbound: All traffic IAM role: Attach AmazonRDSReadOnlyAccess policy -------------------------------------------------------------- Test the RDS Database connection from the Linux/Ubuntu Terminal --------------------------------------------------------------- Install the NETCAT software $sudo yum install nc Test the RDS connection $nc -zv <DB-instance-endpoint> <port> (Syntax) --------------------------------------------------------------- Steps to install Apache Webserver on Centos 7: --------------------------------------------------------------- step1: Connect to your EC2 instance and install the Apache web server $ sudo yum -y install httpd step2: About service. $ sudo systemctl start httpd [start the apache server] $ sudo systemctl enable httpd [apche start at boot] $ sudo systemctl status httpd [check the status of httpd] $ sudo systemctl stop httpd [stop the appache] step3: Create a sample html file [index.html] $ vi /var/www/html/index.html <html> <title>Demo Page </title> <body> <h1>Welcome to Apace Webserver! </h1></body> </html> step4: Open a browser window and enter the URL to access the file (It is the public DNS name of the EC2 instance followed by the file name) http://EC2-instance-public-DNS Step5: Add the www group to your instance $sudo group add www step7: Add your user (in our case centos) to the www group sudo usermod -a -G www centos Logout and connect the instance onces again step8:Change the group ownership of /var/www and connects to the www group sudo chown -R root:www /var/www step9: Recursively change the directory permissions of /var/www and its subdirectories to add group Write permissions to set the group ID on future subdirectories sudo chmod 2775 /var/www $find /var/www -type d -exec sudo chmod 2775 {}\; step10: Recursively change the file permissions of /var/www and its subdirectories to add group write Permissions $find /var/www -type f -exec sudo chmod 0664 {}\; ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Install the PHP, extensions and configure the php.ini ----------------------------------------------------------------------- step1: Connect to the EC2 Instance and install the PHP $sudo yum install php Step2: Restart the httpd service $sudo systemctl restart httpd.service Step3: Install the PHP extensions or Modules $sudo yum search php- (display all the php packages) $sudo yum install php-fpm (PHP FastCGI Process Manager) $sudo yum install php-dba (A database abstraction layer module for PHP applications) $sudo yum install php-mysqlnd . (A module for PHP applications that use MySQL databases) $sudo yum install php-pdo (A database access abstraction module for PHP applications) $sudo yum install php-pgsql (A PostgreSQL database module for PHP) Step4: Add the extension in php.ini in same order and restart httpd service (/etc/php.ini) extension pdo.so extension mysqlnd.so extension pdo_sqlite.so extension pdo_mysqlnd.so extension pdo_sqlite.so extension mysqlnd_mysql.so step5: Create files in /var/www/html ------------------------------------------------------------------------- index.html ------------------------------------------------------------------------- <html> <body> <h1>Connect to the DataBase! </h1> <form action="script.php" method="post"> <input type="submit" value=&#8221;connect&#8221;/> </form> </body> </html> ----------------------------------------------------------------- dbinfo.inc ------------------------------------------------------------------ <!--php define('DB_SERVER', 'RDS_EndPoint'); define('DB_USERNAME', 'RDS_masterUsername'); define('DB_PASSWORD', 'RDS_master_password'); define('DB_DATABASE', 'RDS_database_name'); ?--> ----------------------------------------------------------------- script.php ----------------------------------------------------------------- <html> <body> <h1>DATABASE TABLE </h1> <!--php include "dbinfo.inc"; $db=DB_DATABASE; /* Connect to MySQL and select the database. */ $con = mysqli_connect(DB_SERVER, DB_USERNAME, DB_PASSWORD); if (mysqli_connect_errno()) echo "Failed to connect to MySQL: " . mysqli_connect_error(); $statement="SELECT * FROM $db.Employee"; $result=mysqli_query($con,$statement); if(!$result){ die("SQL Error:".mysqli_error($con)); } // Fetch one and one row while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($result)) { echo $row['name'],"<br-->"; } // Free result set mysqli_free_result($result); mysqli_close($con); ?> </body> </html> Step6: To bind the address form our httpd web server with RDS instances, we need to run the following Commands: $ausearch -c 'httpd' --raw | audit2allow -M my-httpd $semodule -X 300 -i my-httpd.pp ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Logs and Important files used for debugging ------------------------------------------------------------------------ httpd: /var/log/httpd/access_log /var/log/httpd/error_log /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf /etc/httpd/modules PHP modules: /usr/lib64/php/modules /etc/php.ini Datadir /var/lib/mysql Socket /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock MySQL file /etc/my.cnf ------------------------------------------------------------------------ RDS Database SQL Quieres: ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Step1: MySQL workbench download url: http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/workbench/ Step2: Install the MSI installer [windowns] $sudo apt-get install mysql-server [ubuntu] $sudo yum install mysql-server [linux] Step3: >mysql -h yourDatabaseEndpoint -P 3306 -u USERNAME -p >show databases; [Show the Databases] >use database_name; [use the following database] >Create table Employee( ID integer(3),name varchar(20),desg varchar(20),sal integer(6)); >desc Employee; Step4: >insert into Employee(ID,name,desg,sal)values(101,'fasi','CEO',80000); >insert into Employee(ID,name,desg,sal)values(102,'Raj','SSE',50000); >insert into Employee(ID,name,desg,sal)values(103,'suraj','SE',30650); >insert into Employee(ID,name,desg,sal)values(104,'prem','HW',18800); Step5: > select * from Employee; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- IF you want to create Docker container Convert your PHP application into Image by using Docker file below: Note: copy the /etc/php.ini file to your /var/www/html/ where your Dockerfile is there Dockerfile: ------------ FROM centos/httpd RUN yum install -y php RUN yum install -y php-mysqlnd php-fpm php-dba COPY . /var/www/html/ COPY php.ini /etc/php.ini EXPOSE 80 Run these commands: --------------------- docker build -t fasi/httpd . docker run -d -p 80:80 fasi/httpd docker exec -it <contianerID> bash Test in the browser: http://yourEC2_public_IP_addresss